INVESTIGACION ( RESEARCH)

 

Clinical and pathologic research are main aims of the Institute of Pathology and Research. Considering the difficulties, lack of support and emphasis in research in the paraguayan universities this independent service and research oriented institution has been created somewhat experimentally to develop original studies of universal value in specific research "niches". The staff, under the Direction of Dr. Antonio L. Cubilla is composed of Drs Jose Barreto, Ingrid Rodriguez and Elsa Velazquez from the institution as well as close collaborators such as Drs. Carmelo Caballero and Enrique Ayala from the Instituto del Cancer and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas respectively as well as a group volunteer bright medical students from our oldest medical school.

Other research collaborators from their current institutions are the following former Paraguayan pathology students or residents with Dr. Cubilla : Drs. Gustavo Ayala, professor of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,. Adriano Piris, research fellow in Pathology Istituto Tumori, Milan Italy, now at the Massacchussetts General Hospital, Boston and Rolf Pfannl, neuropathology resident, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston now in Montreal Canada

 
Foreign Collaborators:
Several investigators from USA and European universities are currently collaborating in some of our research projects: Drs. Robert H. Young, Harvard University, Boston, Victor Reuter, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University, New York, Mahul Amin, Emory University, and, Alberto Ayala and Pheroze Tamboli, MD Anderson Cancer Hospital, Houston, Texas, Mark Rubin, University of Michigan, Allan Hildesheim, Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland, Robert Kurman, John Hopkins University.
From Europe: Holger Moch, University of Basel, Switzerland, Chris Meijer, Free University of Amsterdam, Netherland, Xavier Matias, Hospital San Pau, Barcelona, Spain, Juan Rosai, Istituto Tumori Milan, Italy.
Areas of research interest:
The majority of the studies are centered on Cancer of the Penis, but other areas of interest are female genital cancers, polyps and colonic cancers in Paraguay, and unusual thyroid tumors.
Penile cancer studies
Penile cancer is particularly frequent in Paraguay. We have examined pathologic materials from about 800 patients with the disease. Investigations are mainly morphological, although epidemiological, clinical and molecular studies are also performed.
Anatomical studies: Transforming the classical cadaveric into a more vivid surgical pathology oriented anatomy we designed a system of examining and handling the penile resected specimen with cancer emphasizing the normal anatomical levels in the various epithelial compartments. We found 3 distinct anatomical levels in the glans that when invaded by tumor correlate with prognosis. Foreskin studies preputial variability…….A new study in the foreskin is being conducted with a predictable similar outcome.
Titles of recent studies presented in the United States Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) and published as Abstracts in Laboratory Investigation or in Modern Pathology (1999, 2000, 2001,2002, 2003, 2004)
Epithelial lesions associated with invasive SCC of the penis. Lab Invest 79:88A, 1999.
Prognostic parameters in SCC of the penis. Lab Invest 79: 104A, 1999.
Secondary Tumors of the penis. A study of 16 cases. Lab Invest 79: 104A,1999.
Cytokeratin subset distribution in histologic variants of SCC of the penis. Lab Invest 79: 92A, 1999.
Histologic classification, regional metastasis and outcome in 61 patients with primary resection of penile carcinoma Lab Invest 79: 92A, 1999.
Verruciform tumors of the penis. Histologic classification of 68 cases. Lab Invest 79: 109A, 1999.
Prognostic Index: a novel method to predict mortality in SCC of the penis. Lab Invest 80: 97A, 2000.
Geographical comparison of subtypes of penile SCC from regions of low and high incidence. Lab Invest 80: 97A, 2000.
Gene expression analysis of genital SCC using the tumor tissue array technology. Lab Invest 80: 108A.,2000
Anatomical levels: landmarks in penectomy specimens. Lab Invest 80:11A, 2000.
Detection of HPV in penile condyloma ,dysplasia and invasive carcinoma using a novel line probe assay for rapid detection and simultaneous identification of 25 HPV types. Lab Invest 80: 113A, 2000.
Mixed basaloid-warty (condylomatous) SCC of the penis. A report of 17 cases. Lab Invest 80: 115A, 2000.
Basaloid SCC of the penis. A clinico pathologic study of 11 cases. Lab Invest 80: 117A, 2000.
Seudohyperplastic superficial SCC of the foreskin associated with lichen sclerosus. A distinctive clinico pathologic entity. A report of 10 cases. Mod Path 14: 105A, 2001.
Continuous sequence of Squamous Hyperplasia and invasive SCC of the penis suggest a causal link. Mod Path 14: 120A, 2001.
High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of the penis: morphologic subtypes correlate with homologous variants of invasive SCC. A report of 126 cases. Mod Path 14: 126A, 2001.
Correlation of Lichen Sclerosus with histological types of SCC of the penis. A study of 61 cases. Mod Path 14: 127A, 2001.ç
Coexisting benign condyloma and SCC of the penis: preferential association with the warty and basaloid variants. Report of 21 cases. Mod Path 14: 127A, 2001.
Correlation of HPV detection with P53, P27 and Ki 67 protein expression in penile carcinoma using tissue microarray technology. Mod Path 14: 131A, 2001.
Squamous cell Carcinoma exclusive of the foreskin: distinctive association with low grade variants, multicentricity and lichen sclerosus. Mod Path 15: 175A, 2002.
Preferential association of penile carcinoma with long foreskin and phimosis: an anatomical copmparative study of types of foreskin in a general population and cancer patients. Mod Path 15: 186A, 2002.
Urethral epithelial abnormalities in patients with invasive Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Mod Path 16: 146A, 2003.
The inter relationship among subtypes of precancerous lesions and invasive neoplasms of the penis indicate heterogeneous pathways of cancer progression. Mod Path 16: 146A, 2003.
Positive resection margins in penectomies for penile carcinoma: sites of involvement in 14 cases. Mod Path 16: 175A, 2003.
Problems and limitations in the interpretation of biopsies in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Path 16: 175A, 2003.
Autopsy findings in 14 patients with penile Squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Path 17: 5A, 2004.
Carcinoma cuniculatum of the penis: a distinctive deeply invasive variant of verrucous carcinoma. Mod Path 17: 140A, 2004.
The heterogeneous spectrum of penile verrucous carcinoma: morphological features of classical types and mixed variants.A report of 36 cases. Mod Path 17: 146A, 2004.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the penis. A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases, Mod Path 17: 183A, 2004.
Comparison of morphological features and outcome of resected primary and recurrent Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Mod Path 17: 184A, 2004.
Other published and non published studies Many other papers on penile and colon cancer has been published in local journals in spanish, which are not listed in the major international scientific indexes. Projects previously presented at the USCAP meetings are either published, in process of preparation for publication or in press. A new line of clinical and molecular research have been established in the area of neoplastic lesions of the foreskin.
 

 

 

Dr. Cubilla and Collaborators

Publications in the area of Cancer of the Penis:

Original articles, international journals
Cubilla AL, Barreto JE, Ayala G, Riveros M. Pathologic features of epidermoid carcinoma of the penis. Am J Surg Path 17: 753-763, 1993.

Gregoire L, Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, haas GP, Lancaster WD. Preferential association of HPV with high grade histologic variants of penile invasive squamous carcinoma. J Nat Cancer Inst 87: 1705-1709, 1995.

Cubilla AL, Ayala MT, Barreto JE, Bellasai J. Noel JC. Surface adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis. A Report of 3 cases. Am J Surg Path 20:156-160, 1996.

Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, Gregoire L, Ayala G, Ocampos S, Lancaster WD, Fair W. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a distinctive HPV related penile neoplasm. Am J Surg Path 22: 755-761, 1998.

Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF, Reuter VE, Oliva E, Mihm MC, Young RH. Warty (condylomatous) carcinoma of the penis. A report of 11 cases and proposed classification of verruciform tumors. Am J Surg Path 24: 505-512, 2000.

Cubilla AL, Meijer CJLM, Young RH. Morphological features of epithelial abnormalities and precancerous lesions of the penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 205: 215.219, 2000.

Horenblas S, von Krogh G. Cubilla AL et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Pre malignant lesions. Scand Urol Nephrol Suppl 205: 187-8, 2000

Cubilla AL, Piris A, Pfannl R, et al. Anatomic levels: important landmarks in penectomy specimens: a detailed anatomic and histologic study based on 44 specimens. Am J Surg Path 25: 1091-4, 2001.

Cubilla AL, Reuter V, Velazquez et al. Histologic classification of penile carcinoma and its relation to outcome in 61 patients with primary resection. In J Surg Path 2: 111-20, 2001.

Rubin MA, Kleter B, Zhou M et al. Detection and typing of HPV DNA in penile carcinoma: evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis. Am J Path 159: 1211-8, 2001.

Velazquez EF, Bock A, Soskin A et al. Preputial variability and preferential association of long phimotic foreskins with penile cancer. Am J Surg Path 27: 994-8, 2003.

Velazquez EF, Cubilla AL. Lichen Sclerosus in 68 patients with Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: frequent atypias and correlation withspecial carcinoma variants suggests a precancerous rol. Am J Surg Path 27: 1448-53, 2003.

Velazquez EF, Soskin A, Bock A et al. Positive resection margins in partial penectomies. Sites of involvement and proposal of local routes of spread of penile Squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Path 28: 384-9, 2004.

New tumor types: We identified several distinctive tumor types within the spectrum of penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas which correlate with specific causal factors or special clinical behaviour. Some of these novel morphologic entities have been published and others are in preparation for publication

Viral studies: The world largest study evaluating with PCR the presence of the Human Paillomvirus in 117 penile cancers from Paraguay and performed at Detroit revealed a correlation with special morphological types in a third of the cases. This study was confirmed by a larger analysis of 142 benign and malignant penile tumors conducted under the direction of Dr Mark Rubin (Am J Path 2001)

Precancerous conditions: A classification system of penile intraepithelial squamous lesions was proposed. Searching for causal conditions other than viral we found a significant correlation of Lichen Sclerosus with tumor types not associated with HPV suggestiong a precancerous condition for this disease (a major study in collaboration with Dr RH Young of 288 precanceropus lesions is in press at the Int J Surg Path, 2004).

Prognostic factors: The combination of histologic grade and tumor anatomical level of invasion constitute the Prognostic Index, a novel system useful to predict regional metastasis and survival in penile cancer.

Epidemiological factors: A prospective study is under way trying to find causal factors associated with special types of penile cancer. The goal is to obtain 100 cases and were are expected to finish the series by late 2004. The study was designed by Dr Allan Hildesheim from the NCI Bethesda.

Geographical studies: A detailed pathologic classification of 2 large series from Paraguay and Texas disclosed no geographical differences as to the relative frequency of special pathological types.

Microarray technology: In association with Swiss investigators, creators of the new model, we prepared a microarray of penile, vulvar and uterine cervical cancers for pathological and molecular analysis (with Dr Holger Moch). Another microarray analysis prepared in USA partly using our materials was performed to evaluate HPV in the different geographical region (with Drs Gustavo Ayala and Mark Rubin).

Anatomical Levels: landmarks in penectomy specimens. Am J Surg Path (2001)
Chapters

 

Editorial Staff Who Blue Book - LYON FRANCE 2002

Drs. Ricardo Codas, Antonio Cubilla, Fatima Aguero,Adelaida Bock, Ana Soskin, A. Manzoni.

 

Book:

Histology by pathologists. Ed Stephen S Sternberg. Chapter The penis. first and second edition. Raven Press. 1997. A revised chapter will be written in 2004 with the collaboration of Dr Christopher Cold from Wisconsin.

Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Ed Stephen S Sternberg. Chapter The Penis. Second, third and fourth eds. Lippincot Raven Press, 2004.

Modern Surgical Pathology, Ed Weidner, Cote, Suster and Weiss, Saunders, 2003

WHO Blue Book. Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Chapter on penile Squamous cell carcinoma, 2004.
Pathology Outlines, The Penis. Ed Nat Perkins, online publication (revisor and consultant, December 2003)
Chapters in preparation

Urologic pathology. With Dr G Ayala. Ed Cheng and Bostwick. Chapter The penis.

Books : RH Young, Srigley JR, Amin B, Ulbright TM, AL Cubilla. Tumors of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, male urethra and penis. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, fascicle. Third series N 28. Ed AFIP Washington DC, 2000.

Other publications by Dr Ingrid Rodriguez.

Instituto de Patología, e Investigación
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